Unix was born nearly 40 years, after a long evolution process, the current aging of the state of Unix did not show (this from the current Unix server revenue and profit margins can be confirmed), but in the face of Linux and the dual pressure of Windows, Unix really be a challenge.
So, in the eyes of users and the industry, and now the true status of Unix How, it has the advantages of new technology which the three commercial versions of Unix development prospects and how?
In 1969, when Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie Bell Telephone Laboratories in the United States prepared a prototype of a time when Unix core, perhaps not think they invented the small things that will remain after 37 years as the industry's leading operating systems - even Unix The intent is to ironically named MULTICS (MULTiplexedacerun: yes "> Information and Computing System) operating system, the trail homonym, not a good idea neatly from the name easy to remember.
Many industry insiders believe, Unix, under many versions of the family over the past 20 years, the mainstream of the global server operating system, currently still is. And many people believe that at least the next 5 years, it still is.
Of course, there pessimism, for example, a recent report from the CCW Research said the Unix server in 2007 showed negative growth in China, with Europe and the United States before and after 2003 the trend of the same Unix server market, that is because the closed, high cost and uncertainty resulting decline in the share. Closed is that the existing standards are not unified Unix systems, is a separate closed system. Each company's Unix systems use their own standards, leading to a system they can not be shared with third parties and integration; high cost of investment is very expensive Unix systems. While the Unix security, stability is very good, but because it's expensive price, and only a small number of very substantial funds to get the users application. But the bigger challenge is the current Unix also face great uncertainty. On the one hand, due to Windows, Linux's rapid development and continuous improvement of their performance, is attracting more and more users; the other hand, the major Unix systems Unix giants on their own development strategies are not particularly clear, for Unix- development caused great uncertainty.
Fled by: cost is more important
From the stability of the application in terms of number and additional functions, Unix Linux and Windows is no doubt more than many, many small and medium-scale users, consider not only these three points.
Shijiazhuang Water Supply Company is a classic escape from a Unix user. Two years ago, Shijiazhuang Water Supply Company began to consider re-architecture IT environment, plan the original size of 5 to 6 million users of the applications from the "PC Server + Windows + SQL Server" platform, to be able to carry 60 million users in the size of the platforms. According to the industry practice of fraternal companies, they should use "Minicomputer + Unix + Oracle" platform to achieve. But in the end they chose the four nodes of the "Dawning 4000A cluster + Red Hat Linux Server + Oracle" platform, to carry 60 million users in the size of the billing system, and in September completed the installation. Why make such a choice? Shijiazhuang Water Supply Company of Beating the project leader explained that in more than a year of preliminary research and selection process, their third-party research firm, calculated according to the basic needs of the system implementation from 6000 to 15000 per minute deals (6000 ~ 15000TpmC), found that in addition to traditional solutions, Linux cluster of the program is fully able to realize their needs. The latter's advantages are very obvious, Xiangmu the total cost is their success in the Kong Zhizai more than 160 million (also including storage, SAN network and all the software), Bi Unix programs Jiesheng 40 percent. But Li Huawei, says that he is able to load Linux platform, the user's billing tasks 600,000 still worried, after all in the industry, there is no precedent for reference.
Obviously, for small and medium-scale users, the emphasis on cost indicators over the stability of the business requirements, the stability of the platform even if there is doubt, also willing to take that risk to save 40% of the cost.
In addition to those who fled, the attitude of those who might hesitate more worth pondering. China Construction Bank Information Technology Management Division, a senior engineer will be that although the four countries of CCB used in Unix server line ratio is highest in the North-South business centers and dozens of provincial-level business center core business lines
Systems in, Unix server utilization rate reached 98%, only three kinds of core business systems, mainframe-based platform, and the remaining 2% less than the machine using Windows and Linux. However, he considers that 5 years later, this situation might change a little-Windows in the main business layer applications may not be more, but for Linux clusters, they have begun a technical investigation, if appropriate, will be non-critical business areas for use. His subtext is that if tested, will also promote the main business system. No doubt the attitude of hesitation is considered from the perspective of cost-effective, but obviously the way to achieve a more steady, incremental approach unfolding.
Mentality of the above two users from the research firm's figures also been part of the proof - IDC 2005 in the second quarter of the global server market report, the global server shipments grew 10.9% over the same period last year, while shipments of Unix reduce the amount of shares, but on the contrary, Unix server market revenue grew 2.5%, business users in the Unix server market, spending reached 4.3 billion U.S. dollars.
Product Manager, IBM Systems Technology Division of the Greater China Li Hong analysis of this figure is quite subtlety, combined with her view that this figure is not difficult to understand, Unix server market in the whole volume share of the shrinking income of facts, Unix server users despite the loss, but also a new user, but for now, new users a little more than the loss of customers, but she admits that her grasp on the numbers, 2008 could be a Unix development of inflection point. The volume server market share shrink as the overall growth rate of more than Unix, but not because of Unix shipments fall, in fact, there are increasing; the income ratio increased, it indicates the high-end Unix server market revenue growing rapidly This also reflects the increasing number of users began using virtualization technology that uses low-end Unix server in the server for server consolidation.
Three versions of the measures
IBM on Unix seems to be the most confident enough, because in a recent IDC report, IBM China in the second quarter of 2005, sales of Unix server market, it occupies 48.5% share. IBM eServer p series, general manager of Greater China, said Kang Sok-Xiu, IBM p-series (ie Unix server) will focus on three general direction of development. The first is expanding virtualization technology that virtualization is everywhere. Second, to insist on an open platform for IBM's continued commitment to, Power-based servers will always be open systems such as Unix and Linux platforms, it was established in December of last year's Power.org popularity can be seen. Third, IBM will continue to technological innovation in the field of Unix. This is from the p series in the past 15 years, the trajectory of view, has no suspense.
Specific to AIX on, IBM's data, from the original version released since 1990, to August 2004 of AIX 5L v5.3, AIX offer similar to the mainframe environment, reliability, availability and security, also provides system management features and flexible integration with Linux. IBM eServer p5 systems in different partitions on the same system simultaneously support AIX 5L v5.3 and v5.2, or Linux operating system. AIX 5L v5.3 also features a flexible resource model, can help customers measure and record the different mandates the use of system resources, and according to the rules set by the user dynamically allocates processors, micro-partitioning, memory and I / O resources, and even more dynamic balance and allocation of resources between the operating system image.
HP's attitude towards Unix seem even more flexible. China's product manager for HP's enterprise-class server that Pei Hui, HP provides a platform for users to select all, regardless of the server is running Linux, Windows or Unix, or
More high-end mainframe systems, HP can provide, this does not mean HP is not optimistic about HP-UX. Because, indeed, as many users complained, many Unix versions are not compatible because the binary, coupled with an objective of the three commercial versions and the fact that hardware is bound to make an open Unix became the first "not open" a synonym, but Unix shipments shrinking market will increase competition in the market.
For HP-UX versions of updates, Pei Hui said, the current HP use HP-UX 11i HP-UX 10.x series is the replacement version. One HP-UX v11.11 stressed operating environment for software packages and changed its name to 11i, 11i installation package at all bonus 40 to 50 species of enterprise-class server management software and third-party application software (such as the latest of an OpenView These components, IPv6 support, IPSec support, etc.). Pei Hui, also revealed some rough HP-UX 11i v3 and v4 of the R & D direction, he said, v3 version is expected to be released in early 2006, an increase of high-level file system (Advanced File System), the Cluster Manager will be ported to Tru64 HP-UX , the security customization, and SMP systems for efficient use of memory optimization. R & D direction for the future v4 is achieved with self-healing function (Self Healthy) operating system.
The Solaris 10 seems to play more the role of challenger, although the last two years, Sun's Unix server shipments are still leading in the HP and IBM, but it has lost its Unix server revenue in the lead. But the tide seems to Solaris 10 with the eight-core Niagara processor and the new server will be changed before release.
This year in April, Sun announced that from January 31 at the Sun Solaris 10 has been posted on the website within two months, the operating system license in the total number of registered worldwide over 100 million, and during this time, Solaris 10 was founded the 14 world record benchmarks, to improve its application performance is Solaris 9 of 50 times. Specific to Solaris10 update on the performance, Sun's official statistics have 5 of their advantage. One is security, and processes to achieve a user rights management, and includes instruction isolation, Solaris Cryptographic Framework password system and to protect the binary code, library functions, Kernel modules Solaris Secure Execution digital signature; second is workload management , Solaris 10 integrates the Solaris Resource Manager and Container functionality, providing examples of virtual partition of the Solaris environment, improve resource utilization; The third error of the system, Solaris 10 integrated DTrace, can provide real-time video production systems, including the 30,000 applications and operating between the test probe, do not need to install software; its fourth fault management and recovery, Solaris 10 Fault Manager can automatically discover hardware failure, to improve system availability, and fault isolation components; Finally, subscription fees, for Solaris 10 is open source, so there is no license fee, which is used by way of subscription service fees charged, the basic service price is 120 dollars / CPU / year, standard service 240 U.S. dollars / CPU / year, the price even higher than RedHat's Linux Server also low.
As originally planned to release in 2006, configure the new Niagara processor Unix server, Sun has announced that sales in the quarter began. Niagara processor has eight computing cores, each core can support four threads, a total of 32 threads, this is also the most server core and thread chip, its performance is worth the wait.
Trend: virtualization and consolidation
Indeed, Unix server, the largest opportunity lies in the virtualization and server consolidation. And the manufacturers no doubt grasp the trend. Since 2001, IBM's AIX 5L v5.1 on p690 to achieve a static logical partitioning technology (LPAR, down from the mainframe virtualization technology) began, HP and Sun Unix platforms have also developed their own hardware, software, firmware integrated virtual environment, to meet the needs of users of this.
But no doubt the initial static logical partition can not meet the needs of users, because the need to restart the associated LPAR partition, and re-configure the partitions to achieve the redistribution of computing resources, which for the telecommunications and financial industry business system is intolerable. Therefore, IBM at 20
October 2002 release of AIX 5L v5.2 to achieve a dynamic logical partitioning technology (DLPAR), which can be hardware resources (such as processor, memory and I / O slots) from a running logical partition operating system instance move to another district without having to reboot or re-configuration.
Dynamic partitioning technology undoubtedly been the industry customers. Li Hong, said in the IBM user group in China, at least 50% of users have adopted virtualization technologies of different sizes, of which she was impressed that a p690 user in a single system to run the 9 a dynamic logical partitions - This shows the positive attitude of the user.
HP is also on the Unix server consolidation and virtualization advantages of confidence. Enterprise Server Products, China HP server product manager responsible for the kinetic energy, said Wang Di, HP already does such a user to buy kinetic energy server, the logical partition to install Window, Linux and HP-UX three kinds of operating systems and run different levels application, and with the different peak load, dynamic adjustment of computing resources. And his most exciting is that this application does not teach users HP, but the user in the superior unit with the help of implementation. Comparison of 1 ~ 2 years ago, he effortlessly to the users also need to explain what is server consolidation situation illustrates the concept of server consolidation has been spent in China market entry phase.
Terms relative to Windows and Linux, Unix virtualization and consolidation now the advantages are obvious, such as diversity in the platform, the virtual size and the virtual precision. Whether VMware, Microsoft, Intel or other Windows and Linux-based virtualization technology providers, all can not be achieved on the Unix environment, virtual; in size, VMware plans to support only 8-way SMP system, and now the three major Unix vendors support virtual SMP 64; the accuracy, the former can only achieve the minimum configuration of a single CPU resources, while the Unix vendors in general to achieve 1 / X CPU magnitude of the fine-tuning, such as IBM claims can achieve 1 / 100 CPU capacity level of adjustment; HP can achieve 1 / 20 order of magnitude of the adjustment.
D like to see Code
Dominance of the past is our future
鈼?Xie Wen Yan
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